1.1 Explain how infections are spread
Infections are spread through the transfer of microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses, from one person to another. These pathogens can be transmitted in a variety of ways depending on the nature of the infection.
One way an infection can be spread is by direct contact with an infected person or object. For example, if someone who has influenza sneezes near you or touches something that you then touch before washing their hands afterwards, it is possible for that pathogen to pass from them to you via your hands. In addition, infections caused by certain parasites, such as lice and ticks, may also be passed this way when they move between two people’s bodies without being detected.
Another common method of transmission involves indirect contact with contaminated surfaces like door handles or counters where a pathogen-containing droplet has settled and been left there after being expelled into the air due to coughing or sneezing nearby.
Also, infectious agents include those contained in food which become ingested when eaten (e.g., salmonella). Insect (vector) bites, including mosquito bites carrying malaria, may also cause diseases in humans if left untreated long enough for these vectors to spread the pathogen.
The process of spreading infections is complex and involves many different methods. Following basic hygiene measures such as washing hands thoroughly and avoiding close physical contact with those who are sick can help to protect individuals from catching potentially harmful infections.
Other answers in the full document:
- 1.2 Explain how breaking the chain of infection minimises the spread of infection.
- 1.3 Describe the principles of infection control
- 1.4 Explain how infection prevention policies and guidelines can be applied in own work setting
- 1.5 Identify differences in the ways in which infection prevention and control policies and guidance are implemented in a range of work settings.
- 2.6 Describe how to manage spilled blood and other body fluids in line with policies and guidance
- 2.9 Describe the functions of external bodies in supporting infection prevention and control in the work setting
- 3.3 Explain why particular devices need special handling to minimise the spread of infection
- 4.1 Describe how to work with others to identity infection outbreaks in own work setting
- 4.2 Explain how to work with others to implement policies and procedures following an infection outbreak
- 4.3 Describe how to provide sufficient information about outbreaks to individuals and others
- 4.4 Describe ways to ensure that infection control measures and care is provided to the individual in the most appropriate place
- 4.5 Explain how to access additional guidance to manage infection prevention and control incidents effectively.
- 5.1 Explain the process for sharing information about infections and suspected infections within own work setting
- 5.2 Describe processes for reporting accidents and incidents relating to infection prevention and control within own work setting